刹车时轮胎动态接触压力的三维有限元分析

Analysis of Tire's Dynamic Contact Pressure During Braking by 3-D FEM

分析刹车状态下轮胎动态接触压力的大小和分布.采用三维有限元方法,把轮胎简化处理为实心,采用变形等效原则拟合轮胎的计算参数.结果表明:低胎压轿车轮胎刹车时接地形状近似为梯形,高胎压货车轮胎刹车时接地形状近似为矩形;负荷一定时,胎压升高,轮胎接触压力增大,胎压一定时,负荷增加接触压力也增加;刹车状态下轮胎接触压力大于静止状态下接触压力.有限元计算结果与文献实测结果较为接近,说明把轮胎简化处理为实心,采用变形等效原则拟合得出轮胎参数,进行轮胎的动态接触压力分析是可行的.

The tire＇s dynamic contact pressure and its distribution during braking were analyzed by the 3-D FEM, where the tire was regarded as a solid one with relevant parameters given by fitting several values on the principle of equivalent deformation. The results indicated that the area on low-pressure tire due to contact pressure is similar to a trapezoid, while that on highpressure tire is like a rectangle. The contact pressure increases with increasing tire pressure under constant load, and then the contact pressure increases when the tire load is constant. The tire＇s dynamic contact pressure is greater than its static contact pressure. All these show that the FEM results approximate to the measured results in situ. The method proposed is thus proved feasible to analyze tire＇s dynamic contact pressure during braking.