电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定砂岩型铀矿样品中分步提取的铀

Determination of sequential extracted uranium speciation in geological samples with HR-ICP-MS method

本文研究地质样品中铀形态的分析方法及应用技术,以进一步说明铀形态分析在地球化学找矿中的重要作用。该方法参考Tessier流程,将样品中的铀分为可交换离子态、碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧化物结合态、硫化物及有机物结合态和结晶态,分别提取,提取溶液用高分辨率电感耦合等离子体质谱仪进行测量。设计的形态提取配方具有良好的可选择性和可重复性,经过国家标准物质、国际形态标准物质和人工模拟样品验证,证明形态提取试剂配方适合所定义的形态分析。通过对实际样品(总量铀为635μg/g)验证表明,碳酸盐结合态铀提取结果的可重复性最好(RSD为2.6%),其次为硫化物及有机物结合态铀(RSD为4.0%)、结晶态铀(RSD为6.0%)和铁锰氧化物结合态铀(RSD为6.1%),可交换离子态铀提取结果的可重复性最差(RSD为26%)。碳酸盐结合态铀与结晶态铀之比,可以用于反映地下铀矿的存在概率。

This paper presents a method of determing uranium speciation in geological samples by means of sequential extraction procedure with HR-ICP-MS and its application to sandstone uranium exploration. The extraction chemical procedure is modified from Tessier, uranium in sample is classified into five speciation： exchangeable, bound to carbonates, bound to Fe-Mn oxides, bound to sulfide - organic matter, and residual. The uranium is extracted respectively and the extractants are measured by the high-resolution inductively coupled mass spectrometry （HR-ICP-MS） with high sensitivity and low background. The extraction procedure has been proved to be satisfactory by means of national reference standard materials, international reference standard materials, and artificial uranium mine sample. Experiment results ob- tained on replicate samples demonstrate that the relative standard deviation （RSD） of the sequential extraction procedure followed by HR-ICP-MS is 2.6% for bound to carbonates, 4.0% for bound to sulfide - organic matter, 6.0% for residual, 6.1% bound to Fe-Mn oxides, and 26% for exchangeable fraction. The ratio of uranium in bound to uranium carbonates in residual can be used to indicated the probability of buried uranium deposit.