山药总皂甙的提取工艺研究

Study on Extraction of the Total Saponins from Chinese Yam

山药（Chinese Yam），又名白薯、土薯、大薯、薯药，营养丰富，具有很高的药疗价值。山药还具有抗衰老、抗氧化、提高应激力、增强免疫力、降血脂、抗肿瘤、抗突变等功效。本文以山药中总皂甙提取率为考察指标，应用单因素试验和正交设计对山药总皂甙提取工艺中的浸提温度、乙醇的体积分数、浸提时间、料液比进行了研究。以薯蓣皂甙为标准，香草醛-高氯酸为显色剂，冰醋酸为溶剂，用分光光度计在波长为544nm处对山药总皂甙的含量进行了测定。得出山药总皂甙的最佳提取工艺条件是：浸提温度为60℃，浸提时间为6h，乙醇体积分数为80％，料液比为1：8。

Dioscorea opposita Thunb, also named Chinese yams, is important staple food in many tropical countries. Even more interestingly, yams have also been used as health food and herbal medicinal ingredients in trational Chinese medicine. Recently, several benefical properties of yams were reported in the literature. Yam extracts showed significant antioxidation activity and modified serum lipid levels in humans. Yam flour was reported to protect rats from chemical-induced toxicity. The extracts of browned yam flour show antioxidation activity in model systems. Dioscorin, a purified storage protein of yam, was reported to possess scavenging properties against free radicals.A method for the determination of total saponins of Chinese yam was established in this paper. The dioscin was used as a standard compound, the vanillin-perchloric acid as chromogenic agent and glacial acetic acid as solvent. The extraction technique of saponins from Chinese yam was studied by spectrometric method. Extracting temperature, extracting time, ethanol concentration and the ratio of raw material and water were selected as four factors to design the orthogonal test, and the optimum condition of extraction was obtained. The results showed that the optimum condition of extraction is as following： extracting temperature 60℃ , extracting time 6 h, ethanol concentration 80%, and the ratio of raw material and water 1 ： 8.