老年肺癌的外科治疗

Surgical treatment for lung cancer in the elderly

背景与目的老年人肺癌的发病率近年来呈逐渐上升趋势,肺癌已成为老年患者癌相关疾病死亡的主要原因。本观察旨在分析70岁以上老年人肺癌手术适应证、并发症及围手术期处理,并对其外科治疗的方法、结果和特殊性进行探讨。方法全组137例,年龄70~83岁,平均74岁;Ⅰ期13例,ⅡA期25例,ⅡB期51例,ⅢA期41例,ⅢB期7例。行全肺切除4例,肺叶切除122例,部分（肺段）切除7例。其中19例行支气管袖状切除成形,12例行肺动脉部分切除,3例行肺动脉袖状切除成形,2例行肺动脉加支气管袖状切除成形。13例在胸腔镜辅助小切口下完成肺叶、肺段或肺楔形切除术。结果全组无手术死亡,手术切除率为97.1%,术后并发症发生率为29.9%。随访率为88.3%,1、3、5年生存率分别为62%、35%、28%。结论70岁以上老年人肺癌手术治疗可获得较好的效果,但应严格选择手术适应证。手术技术的提高和术后呼吸机辅助呼吸的应用,对低肺功能老年肺癌患者可相对扩大手术适应证。

Background and objective The prevalence of lung cancer in the elder increases gradually recently, and lung cancer has become the main cause of cancer-related death. The aim of this study is to analyse the operative indication, complication, perioperative management and surgical measures, results and specificity for lung cancer in the elderly patients. Methods One hundred and thirty-seven elderly patients with lung cancer, aged from 70 to 83 years old with mean age of 74 were analysed. Of the 137 cases, 13 patients were in the stage Ⅰ , 76 in stage Ⅱ , 48 in stage Ⅲ. Surgical procedures included pneumonectomy for 4 patients, lobectomy for 122 patients, segmentectomy and wedge resection for 7 patients, sleeve lobectomy for 19 patients, bronchoplastic procedure and pulmonary artery reconstruction for 2 patients. Video-assisted thoracic surgery was performed in 13 cases for segmentectomy and wedge excision. Results There was no operative death. The resection rate was 97. 1%, and postoperative complication rate was 29. 9%. The follow-up rate was 88.3%. The 1-, 2-, 3-year survival rate was 62%, 35%, 28% respectively. Conclusion Elderly patients with lung cancer can obtain good therapeutic results and prognosis undergoing surgical therapy, but the operative indications will be limited. Exquisite surgical technique and application of respirator after operation may expand the operative indications.