基于生态足迹模型的区域生态经济发展评估——陕西省及其各市域实证分析

Evaluation of the Regional Ecological Economics Development Based on Ecological Footprint Model

基于对生态足迹内涵的界定及其提出背景、研究进展的概括,阐释生态足迹模型的原理及计算方法。以陕西省及其10个市(区)为例,分别估算陕西省及分市域的人均生态足迹。结果表明,陕西省2004年人均生态足迹为2.599 8 hm^2,人均生态赤字为1.851 2 hm^2,经济活动对自然生态系统的影响已经超出了地区生态承载力的限度,处于不可持续状态。陕西省人均生态足迹需求中对耕地的需求量最大,化石能源用地和草地次之。表明该区人的生活消费以主粮为主,能源消费以煤为主,生物资源的消费量以农产品为主。在各市区的生态足迹供需均衡量中,西安、咸阳、榆林和宝鸡市的人均生态足迹大于全省均值(2.599 8 hm^2),渭南、安康、商洛和杨凌地区皆小于该省人均生态足迹。基于上述分析,提出陕西省应大力发展经济,积极改善生态环境,实现区域的可持续发展。

Based on the definition of the connotation of ecological footprint （EF） and the overview of its back- ground and recent research advances, principle framework and computation method of the EF model are clarified. Then, the EF for Shaanxi Province in 2004 is calculated and analyzed by taking the province and its ten urban districts for example. Results indicate that the EF for Shaanxi Province is 2.60 hm^2/cap, and the ecological deficit is 1.85 hm^2/cap. This means that the EF＇s demand from human activities has already exceeded the carrying capacity of the regional ecological system and the present developing model is not sustainable. In terms of the average EF＇s demand per person in Shaanxi Province, the demand for farmland is the biggest and the demand for fossil energy use and grassland follows. The people＇s life consumption is dominated by staple food grain; the energy use, by coal; the biological resource use, by agricultural products. For the balance between EF supply and its demand, the average EFs per person in Xi＇an, Xianyang, Yulin, and Baoji are bigger than the whole province （2.60 hm^2/cap）, whereas the average EFs per person in Wei＇nan, Ankang, Shangluo, and Yangling are smaller than the whole province. Accordingly, it is suggested that significant efforts should be made for the region to develop economy, positively improve ecological environment, and achieve sustainable development.