小麦纹枯病不同接种方法的比较

Comparative Effects among Different Inoculating Methods with Sharp Eyespot Fungus(Rhizoctonia cerealis) in Wheat

为了使鉴定方法简单、科学、可靠,选用了3种接种纹枯病的方法。即沟带接种法、土表接种法、牙签嵌入接种法,比较了不同抗性水平品种、不同接种方法之间发病率、病情指数的差异。结果表明:不同接种方法之间、不同品种之间发病率、病情指数存在显著差异。沟带接种法简单、粗放,受环境的影响较大,可以用于大量材料的初选。牙签嵌入接种法的发病率最高,平均发病率在90%以上,重复之间差异不显著,接种容易成功,重复性好,但试验鉴定要求细致、繁琐,工作量大。土表接菌法最为简单、方便,通过适当控制试验条件,可以获得满意的接种效果。在实际研究过程中,可根据自身条件和试验要求选择合适的接种方式。SW038、WHO6-7、Niavt14和CI12633等材料在三种接种方法下都表现抗病,可作抗病亲本在小麦育种中利用。

To identify the usability of the different inoculation methods in genetics research on resistance to sharp eyespot, three inoculation methods, i, e, applying inoculums in sowing - pitch when seeding （ sowing - pitch method）, inserting affected toothpicks between sheath and stem at booting（toothpick method）, and applying inoculums on soil surface in early spring （soil surface method）, were compared for their effectiveness in infection and development of sharp eyespot in wheat. The results showed that there were significant difference among inoculation methods and genotypes. Effects of sowing - pitch method were more variable between replications and could only be used in preliminary large-scale screening as it is easy to hand, Toothpick method could induce the highest disease incidents with highly repeatable results. It could be used in genetic studies and small - scale evaluation as this method is more labors. Soil surface method combined advantages of toothpick method and so- wing - pitch method and was the handiest and most effective method to evaluate wheat sharp eyespot. There were significant differences in disease incident among genotypes. SW038, WHO6 - 7, Niavt14 and CI12633 showed resistance and could be used as resistant parents in wheat breeding.