基底神经节性失语

Basal Ganglion Aphasia

为探索基底神经节病变和失语症的关系，选择经头颅ＣＴ证实为首发单侧基底神经节病变患者４０例，在发病２周、１个月及２个月分别进行失语症检查。同时，进行脑电地形图（ＢＥＡＭ）及ＣＴ图象标准化处理。结果显示，基底神经节性失语者病灶多在基底节区偏外侧、前部及上部。病变偏外侧者脑电地形图异常率高，且此类患者多有较重的听理解障碍，而尾状核受累者失语中有明显的构音障碍及音韵障碍。讨论了基底神经节性失语的临床特点，并认为导致失语的机制多与基底节病变直接或间接影响皮层语言区（血流量减少、代谢低下）有关，但尾状核似可作为言语的皮层下整合中枢，在部分患者的失语中起作用。

Forty patients with unilateral basal ganglion lesions confirmed by CT scans were studied.Aphasia examinations,BEAM and CT image standardization were performed in two weeks,one month and two months after onset.The results showed that most aphasia patients had lesions in the lateral,front and upper part of basal ganglion.BEAM is largely abnormal in the aphasia patients of lateral type who had serious auditory comprehension disturbance.Prominent dysarthria and dysprosody occured in aphasia patients with lesions in caudate nucleus.We discussed the clinical manifestations of basal ganglion aphasia.We suggested that basal ganglion aphasia is mostly due to the damage of language related zone of hemisphere caused directly or indirectly by basal ganglion disease (blood supply insufficiency and low metabolism).Caudate nucleus serves as a subcortical center in controlling language and its disturbance cause aphasia in some patients.