论接受反应文论视域中的读者类型

On Reader Types from the Perspective of Reader-Response Theory

接受反应文论是西方20世纪文学理论与批评的重要话语方式和批评流派,他们对读者的重视无疑具有革命性的意义。他们提出了形形色色的"读者"概念,具体说来可以分为两种大的类型:一是实际读者,即从事阅读活动的具体的读者,包括时代读者、个人读者和社会读者,这类读者具有历史和个体差异性的品质;二是假想读者,是由接受反应文论家根据文学文本的预期效果得以实现而假想出来的读者,包括吉布森的"冒牌读者"、普兰斯的"零度叙述接受者"、里法代尔的"超级读者"、沃尔夫的"有意向的读者"、费什的"有知识的读者"和伊瑟尔的"暗含的读者"等等,这类读者是他们理论研究的支撑点。

The Reader-Response Theories are an important criticism school and discourses in the 20th literal theories and they attach dramatic importance to readers, in which different definitions of ＂reader＂ are given. Generally speaking, readers are mainly divided into two types： actual readers and imaginary readers. The former ones are those who involve themselves in reading activities such as times readers, individual readers and social readers and they carry the character of history and individualism, and the latter ones are those who are imagined and expected by reader-response theorists whose grounds are based on the given texts. Such readers may include Gibson＇s ＂fake readers＂, Prince＇ s ＂degree-zero narratees＂, Rifaterre＇ s ＂super readers＂, Wolff＇ s ＂intended readers＂, Fish＇s ＂knowledgeable readers＂, and Iser＇s ＂implied readers＂, who have become the backbone of s the theorists＇ research work.