韩国民主的美国因素

United States Roles in Korean Democracy

一个国家的民主化主要依赖于内部诸条件的发育成熟,但外部因素也是影响民主化进程的重要变量之一。由于特殊的历史原因,韩国民主进程受美国因素的影响特别大。在制度上,美国坚决地把韩国纳入资本主义世界体系之中,全面介入韩国的军事、经济和文化等各个方面。在政治上,美国奠定了韩国的基本政治制度,支配了韩国的主要政治人物,干预了韩国的重大政治事件。美国对韩国民主化的影响具有两面性,既促进了韩国民主化的发展,又扮演了韩国威权政权保护人的角色。美国因素的影响也是有限的。韩国民主首先应归功于韩国人民不屈不挠的民主斗争,韩国的国情使得韩国政治朝着自主性方向发展。

A country＇s democratization depends not only on the inner conditions as exterior factors as well. In the case of ROK, democratization has been primarily influenced by the United States. On the one hand, Korea＇s membership into the global capitalistic system has been facilitated pohtically by U. S. ; On the other hand, U.S. created a foundation for Korea by dominating her principal politicians. U. S also interfered most of the important Korean political issues. The result is that U.S. accelerated the Korean democratization process and continues to act as Korea political watchdog. But the influence from U.S. does not play an unlimited role in democratizing Korea. The democratization to the fact is depended on Korean people fighting for it. With becoming more independent of U. S. Korea polity is developing toward self- determination.