大学生孤独感与自我隐瞒、自我表露、应对方式和社会支持的关系

Loneliness of University Students and Its Relationship with Serf-concealment,Serf-disclosure,Coping Style and Perceived Social Support

目的:考察自我隐瞒、自我表露、应对方式及社会支持等因素对大学生孤独感的影响。方法:采用UCLA孤独量表、自我隐瞒量表、自我表露指数量表、简易应对方式量表及领悟社会支持量表等测量工具对482名大学生的孤独感及其影响因素进行评定,并通过路径分析考察变量间的关系。结果:大学生的孤独感水平并不高(36.5±7.4),男生的孤独感得分高于女生(37.4±7.5/35.4±7.3,F=8.25,P<0.01),年级差异不显著(P>0.05)。回归分析显示,自我隐瞒、积极应对、消极应对和社会支持能有效预测孤独感(β=0.207、-0.218、0.157、-0.380),可解释总变异的37.3%。中介效应检验表明,自我隐瞒既直接影响孤独感,又通过消极应对和社会支持间接影响孤独感,自我表露仅通过积极应对和社会支持间接影响孤独感。结论:自我隐瞒、自我表露、应对方式和社会支持是影响孤独感的重要因素,对大学生孤独感的干预可以从这些方面入手。

Objective： To investigate the impact of self-concealment, self-disclosure, coping style and perceived social support on university students＇loneliness. Methods： Loneliness and related factors were assessed among 482 university students using scales including UCLA Loneliness Scale, Self-concealment Scale （SCS）, Self-disclosure Index （SDI）, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire （SCSQ） and Perceived Social Support Scale （PSSS） . Results： The level of university students＇ loneliness was not high （ 36. 5 ± 7.4 ） ; males experienced more loneliness than females （ 37.4 ± 7.5 / 35.4 ± 7.3, F = 8. 25, P 〈 0. 01 ） ; There was no significant grades differences （ P 〉 0. 05 ） . Regression analysis showed that SCS, SCSQ and PSSS predicted UCLA effectively （β = 0. 207, - 0. 218, 0. 157, - 0. 380） . The testing of mediating effect indicated that SCS had direct and indirect impact on UCLA through negative coping style and PSSS; SDI had only indirect impact on UCLA through positive coping style and PSSS. Conclusion： SCS, SDI, SCSQ and PSSS are important factors influencing UCLA, and the intervention of university students＇loneliness should focus on these variables.