不同水分条件下保水剂对小麦产量和水分利用的影响

Effect of Water-retaining Agent on Wheat Production and Water Utilization under Different Moisture Conditions in Dryland

研究了不同水分条件下保水剂对小麦增产的效应，结果表明，施用保水剂可以增加小麦穗长和穗粒数、提高千粒重，从而提高小麦产量。不灌水条件下施用保水剂可增产8．42％～22．75％，以60kg/hm^2和45kg/hm^2处理较好；灌一水条件下施用保水剂可增产10，86％～19．86％，以45kg/hm^2处理最好；灌二水条件下施用保水剂可增产10．79％～18．42％。水分利用率在不同处理间也有很大差异，不灌水条件下施用保水剂降水利用率分别提高1．11～2．99kg／（mm·hm^2），以60kg／hm^2处理提高最多；灌一水条件下施用保水剂时灌水利用率分别增加0．063～0．206kg／m^3，以30kg／hm^2处理最高；灌二水条件下施用保水剂灌水利用率分别增加0．029～0．192kg／m^3，以90kg/hm^2处理提高最多。说明保水剂对旱地小麦产量和水分利用率的提高具有积极效果，并表现为水分匮乏时显著，充分时减弱的特点。

On the study of nutrient water-retaining agent on wheat production and water utilization under different moisture conditions, the results showed nutrient water-retaining agent could improve wheat spike length,spike grains, 1 000 grain weight and yield. The yield of nutrient water-retaining agent treatments could be increased 8.42 % - 22.75 % under no irrigated condition ,the treatment of 60 kg/ha was the best one. The yield of nutrient water-retaining agent treatments could be increased 10.86% - 19.86%under once irrigated condition ,the treatment of 45 kg/ha was the best one .The yield of nutrient water-retaining agent treatments could be increased 10.79 % - 18.42 % under twice-irrigated condition, the difference was reduced among the treatments of nutrient water-retaining agent. However, the efficiency of precipitation and irrigated water utilization also had notable difference among different volume of treatment nutrient water-retaining agent treatments under different moisture conditions, which had the same tendency to the production increased. In a word, the application of nutrient water-retaining agent had a positive role on wheat production and the efficiency of water utilization.