堆肥化过程中微生物群落的动态

Microbial Dynamics During the Composting Process

通过变性梯度凝胶电泳（DGGE）和平板计数法对堆肥化过程中微生物的区系动态变化进行了研究.结果表明,在堆肥化过程中,微生物数量总的趋势是细菌的数量最多,放线菌次之,真菌的数量最少,中温微生物的数量始终高于高温微生物.当发酵结束后,中温微生物的数量低于发酵初始水平,高温放线菌和高温真菌的数量试验结束后高于初始水平,高温细菌的数量在整个堆肥化过程中变化不大.通过DGGE分析表明,发酵过程中细菌的种类发生了明显的更迭现象.发酵初期Bdellovibrio、Clostridiabacterium、Bacillus、Clostridium等占优势,中期Beta proteobacterium、Petrobacter succinimandens、Nitrospiraebacterium、Clostridium等占优势,后期Clostridium、Beta proteobacterium、Paenibacillus等占优势,而在整个堆肥化过程中Clostridium都是优势种.

Microbial dynamics of microbial community during the composting process was investigated with the methods of denaturing gradient gel electmphoresis （DGGE） and plating. The results showed that the most of microorganism count was bacterium, the second was actinomycete and the least was fungi. At the same time, the count of the thermophilic microorganism was always less than that of the mesophilic during the compostingprocess. The count of mesophilic microorganism at later stage was less than that at the initial stage. However, the count of thermophilic antinomycete and fungi at later stage were more than that at initial stage, and the count of thermophilic bacterium was stable throughout the composting process. The bands pattern of DGGE and 16S rDNA analyses indicated that bacterial succession was presented during the composting process. The genera of Bdellovibrio, Clostridia bacterium and Bacillus were dominant species at initial stage （before the first 15 days）, and Beta proteobacterium, Petrobacter succinimandens, Nitrospirae bacterium and Paenibacillus were dominant species at middle and later stage. Moreover, Clostridium was found throughout the process.