苹果新根生理生化特性研究

Annual Dynamics of Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Apple Primary Roots

以盆栽３年生新红星／怀来海棠（Ｍａｌｕｓｍｉｃｒｏｍａｌｕｓ）为试材，研究了生长根和吸收根的还原能力、碳氮物质代谢、吲哚乙酸氧化酶（ＩＯＤ）、过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）和超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）的周年动态变化。结果表明，两类新根均于春、夏、秋形成３次吸收高峰，但还原能力的高峰只于夏秋季出现，其中夏季高峰最大；淀粉、糖、蛋白质含量及ＩＯＤ、ＰＯＤ活性随新梢旺长而降低，随新梢缓慢或停止生长而积累，氨基酸含量、ＳＯＤ活性相反；吸收根的吸收能力、淀粉、糖、蛋白质含量、ＰＯＤ、ＩＯＤ活性均显著高于生长根，但吸收根中氨基酸含量、ＳＯＤ活性却小于生长根，因而两类新根的代谢特点和功能不同。

Annual dynamics of physiological and biochemical characteristics of apple primary roots were studied on 3-year-old potted apple trees(Starkrimson/ Malus micromalus). The results were as follows:The absorbing area of extensive and absorbing roots had 3 peaks in spring,summer and autumn,but the TTC reducing force summit only appeared in summer and autumn in which the summer peak was the highest. The starch,sugar and protein content and the IOD and POD activity in two kinds of roots were negative related to shoot growth. But amino acid content and SOD activity were reverse. The above index of absorbing root were higher than those of extensive roots except amino acid content and SOD activity. So the two kinds of roots have different metabolism characteristics and functions,and their quantity and proportion will affect the growth vigor of apple trees.