甘蓝显性雄性不育系的选育及其利用

Development of Dominant Male Sterile Lines and Hybrid Seed Production in Cabbage ( Brassica oleracea var. capitata )

从甘蓝原始材料７９－３９９的自然群体中获得雄性不育突变株７９－３９９－３。研究结果表明，该突变株的雄性不育受一显性不育基因ＣＤＭｓ３９９－３控制。该基因在不同的遗传背景下表现为环境敏感和环境稳定两种类型，且温度是影响不育稳定性的主要因素。环境敏感的显性雄性不育植株通过自交可以得到显性纯合的雄性不育植株。显性纯合不育植株与普通自交系或相应的姊妹系杂交获得了不育株率达到１００％、不育度达到或接近１００％的不育群体。根据ＣＤＭｓ３９９－３基因的这一遗传特点，建立了利用显性雄性不育基因配制甘蓝杂交种的新方法：利用组织培养技术保存和繁殖显性纯合雄性不育材料，然后与遗传差异较小的普通自交系或姊妹系杂交得到不育系。选择园艺性状优良、不育性稳定的不育群体作不育系，与配合力优良的自交系杂交，配制出了优良的杂交组合。试验采种结果表明。

A male sterile mutant 79-399-3 was obtained from the natural population of the original cabbage material 79-399. Its inheritance and utilization was investigated. The result indicated that the male sterility is controlled by a dominant gene CDMs399-3,which expressed in environment stable type and sensitive one under different gene backgrounds. Furthermore, temperature is the major factor to influence the sensitivity. Homologous male sterile plants were screened from the selfing progenies of the environment sensitive male sterile plants. After crossing the homologous male sterile plants with common inbred lines or fertile sister lines,populations with 100% male sterile plants were selected and their sterility degree was 100% or almost 100%. According to the charac teristics of CDMs399-3,a method was established to produce commercial hybrid seeds. The procedure included maintaining and propagating the homologous male sterile materials through tissue culture,and then producing desirable male sterile lines by crossing the homologous male sterile materials with characteristically similar inbred line or sib line. Hybrid seed production was conducted by crossing the male sterile line with inbred line which had good combining ability. The experimental seed production suggested that the male sterile line with CDMs399-3 gene had good seed setting.