明清淮河流域生态变迁研究

The Research on Entironment Vicissitude of Huai-he River Drainage Area during Ming and Qing Dynasty

明清时期,淮河流域生态环境遭受巨变,湖泊或淤为平陆或扩大数十倍,河流改道频繁,森林植被损毁殆尽,水土严重流失,灾害频仍。文章借鉴历史地理学、考古学和方志文献资料的科研成果,认为黄河南侵夺淮是淮河流域生态巨变的重要自然原因,但本时期因人口快速增长带来的盲目围湖造田、毁林垦荒以及明清两代政府大兴宫殿、保漕护陵等政治经济因素的综合影响同样不可忽视,它们的交相互织共同导致了本时期淮河流域生态环境的恶化。

In Ming and Qing dynasty, the entironment of Huai - he River drainage area had been changed so much, the lakes were silted to land or enlarged several ten times, the rivers often been changed it way, forest vegetation was destoried to disappear, the water and soil was eroded heavily, which result in disaster been occurred frequently. This article use for reference the scientific research harvest of History and geography Lysenkoism, Archaeology and region literature, consider that Huang -he River trespass Huai -he River＇s way to sea is the importance reason of the entironment＇s revulsion, but the conflict in person and land , make fields around lakes, destroy forest to assart because of population expand, and restrain Huai -he River＇s normal function to protect the water transport negatively by Ming and Qing government, and go in for palace in a large scale, retain ancestor mausoleum＇s geomantic omen by carrion landed class, which social and political factors impacted each other was the ultimate reason of great changes on Huai - he River drainage area＇s entiroment in Ming and Qing dynasty.