社会工作的四个传统哲理基础

Philosophical Foundations in Social Work:Four Traditions

哲理基础是社会工作知识体系的基石,不同哲理基础决定着人们以相异的角度去看待社会工作理论和实践。最近20年来,社会工作的哲理基础逐步形成了四个传统:(1)实证传统。它坚信社会工作知识应建立在科学方法基础之上并强调证据为本的实践,这是社会工作哲理基础的主流;(2)人本传统。这一传统从完整的人的观点理解人与环境的互动、尊重个人对自己经历的理解和拥有的改变潜力,包括存在主义社会工作和灵性视角;(3)激进传统。它主张从结构的层面推进社会变迁并批评现存的社会秩序,包括结构视角、赋权视角和女性主义社会工作;(4)社会建构传统。这一传统强调知识是社会建构的,变化的动力来自发现、讲述新的故事或探索案主的优势,优势视角、叙事治疗和寻解治疗是这一传统下的实践理论范例。

Over the last two decades, social work continually enriches its four traditions ： （ 1 ） positivistic tradition. It argues that social work knowledge should be based on scientific methods and implement evidence-based practice. （2） humanistic tradition. This tradition adopts a whole person＇s perspective to understand the interactions between person and environment, and appreciate person＇s own understanding of his/her experiences and their potentials for change; it includes existential social work and spiritual perspective. （3）radical tradition. It supports that social change should be activated in structural dimensions and the existed social order should be criticized, and includes structural perspective, empowerment perspective and feminist social work. （4）social constructionism tradition. This tradition argues that knowledge is socially constructed, and forces for change come from finding solutions, telling new stories, and exploring strengths, solution-focused therapy, narrative therapy, and strengths perspective are ca- ses for this tradition. This paper provides a critical review of these traditions.