新加坡的威权政治及其历史走向——基于政治生态系统的分析

Singapore's Authoritarianism and Its Historical Tendency:An Analysis Based on the Political Ecosystem

在20世纪60年代以来的现代化进程中,新加坡逐渐建立起介于有限极权与有限民主之间的威权主义政治体制。这种威权主义政治体制的形成是新加坡自身独有的政治生态系统中地理、社会、文化、历史、政治等因素综合作用的结果。正因如此,它契合了新加坡的历史和现实需要,对现代化发展起到巨大的推动作用。而随着新加坡经济的发展,中产阶级形成,市民社会兴起,执政党本身也进行了适时的改革,新加坡政治生态系统中的诸多因素发生了重大变化,民主在威权秩序下不断成熟起来。

In the process of modernization since the 1960s, Singapore has gradually established the political system of authoritarianism which is an intervenient between the limited totalitarianism and the limited democracy. The forming of the authoritarianism results from the comprehensive interaction of the geographical, social, cultural, historical, political and international factors which are uniquely rooted in the political ecosystem of Singapore. It is because of this unique feature that the political system which corresponds to the history of Singapore and meets its actual needs promotes Singapore＇s modernization. Along with the economical development in Singapore, the formation of the middle class, the rise of civil society and the reform of the ruling party itself, great changes have taken place in the political ecosystem of Singapore, and democracy is inevitably growing up under the authoritarian order.