周作人、茅盾、鲁迅与早期乡土文学理论的形成

ZHOU Zuo-ren,MAO Dun,LU Xun and the Formation of Early Chinese Literature Theory of Local Colour

有关乡土文学理论的分歧,根本点不在于对乡土文学这一概念中的“乡土”内涵的不同理解,而在对“乡土文学”这一概念的整体性把握上。中国文学传统中有浓厚的乡土意识,但没有乡土文学的概念和理论。新文学初期,对于美国local colour小说理论如何与中国文论对接与转换,在茅盾与周作人之间初步形成了中国乡土文学发展的两个向度。这两个向度后来被鲁迅整合成相对完整的乡土文学理论,即寓乡土思念、民生关怀和乡土批判于一体的乡土文学观。

The different opinions among scholars on the Chinese theory of local colour mainly lie not in different understanding of the word local but in different views about the concept of local colour. Classical Chinese literature has a strong sense of native soil, but has no concept and theory of local colour. In early history of modem Chinese literature, as to how to translate the American concept and theory of local colour into Chinese equivalent, ZHOU Zuo-ren and MAO Dun had two different opinions which were later integrated into a relatively perfect Chinese theory of local colour by LU Xun.