蒙古高原植物的特有属及其基本特征

Endemic Genera and Their Basic Characteristics of the Mongolian Planteau Plants

首次系统地列出了蒙古高原的１０个特有属沙芥属、连蕊芥属、绵刺属、四合木属、脓疮草属、芯芭属、百花蒿属、紊蒿属、革苞菊属、沙鞭属．这些属全部是单种属或双种属，分类上属于孤立、进化的类群；生态上都是旱生植物，而且沙生植物占优势，绝大多数是荒漠种或半荒漠种，其生活型草本植物占绝对优势；地理分布上集中分布于蒙古高原的阿拉善－鄂尔多斯地区，东阿拉善－西鄂尔多斯是其分布中心；起源上多数是东亚和古地中海植物区系的后裔．

The 10 endemic genera Pugionium,Synstemon,Potaninia,Tetraena,Panzerina, Cymbaria ,Stilpnolepis,Elachanthemum,Tugarinovia,Psammochloa of the Mongolian Planteau plants are systematically listed for the first time in the paper.All these endemic genera are monotypic genera or bitypic genera,and isolated evolutional taxons in the taxonomy,and xerophyte in the ecology.The desert plants has an advantage over others;most of them are desert species or semi desert species,and herbaceous species have absolute predominance in the life form.These genera geographically concentrate in the Alashan Ordos area of the Mongolian Plateau,and take the East Alashan West Ordos as the distributional centre.On the other hand,most of them are descendants of the East Asia and Old Mediterranean flora in the origin.