论胡适与乾嘉考据学派

A discussion of Hu Shi and Qian-Jia Textural Research School of Thought

胡适继承了乾嘉考据学派疑古的精神、历史的眼光、考据学的方法。但是他主张用实验主义的方法去寻找证据,主张创办图书馆事业,提倡写人物传记来保存史料,提出用二重证据法来验证史实,主张方法的自觉和学术的公允,都是对乾嘉考据学派的超越。然而,他主张二元史观和历史发展的偶然论,夸大个人在社会发展中的作用,使得他的存疑主义走向了极端,这些都是他对乾嘉考据学派合理因素的抛弃。尽管如此,胡适在近代中国学术史上的地位不容忽视,他在史学领域取得的卓越成就和治学方法的独到见解也是值得我们借鉴的。

Hu Shi inherited the spirit of disbelieve-ancient of Qian-Jia Textural Research School of Thought, the historical perspective, the method of textural research. But he advocated collecting evidence with the method of pragmatism, conducting library and writing biography to preserve historical materials, verifying historical facts with duality-evidence method. He advocated using the method on one＇s own initiative and academic fair and equitable. In these respects Hu Shi surpassed Qian-Jia Textural Research School of Thought. However, he advocated dualism in historical science, history developed by accident. He exaggerated the function of individual in the school survey .His thought of leaving a matter for future consideration went to extreme. In these respects, he abandoned the reasonable factors of Qian-Jia Textural Research School of Thought. Even so, but we can＇t overlook the position of Hu Shi in mordern academic history of China. We should draw lessons from the remarkable achievements that he got in the realm of history and his original view of method of doing scholarly research.