水下冲击伤伤情特点的实验研究

Experimental study on characteristics of underwater blast injuries

目的探讨水下冲击伤的伤情特点。方法成年杂种犬19只,布放于离爆心10.36、12.79、15.25m,1.019kg和1.020kg TNT水下3m爆炸,PCB压力传感器测定冲击波物理参数,观察现场至伤后20-28小时动物存活情况和大体形态学改变。结果犬死亡率为31.58%（6/19）。形态学观察发现肺损伤发生率最高（100%）,主要表现为不同程度的肺出血和肺水肿;其次为肠道损伤（26.32%）,主要表现为浆膜下出血,浆肌层撕裂和浆膜下血肿;部分可见肝脾轻微的包膜下出血和血肿。1例出现膀胱浆膜和黏膜下出血,体表未见损伤。结论水下冲击伤具有死亡率高,肺损伤发生率高、肠道损伤发生率较高、肝脾等实质脏器损伤轻微,胆囊、膀胱等含液脏器和体表很少发生损伤等特点。

Objective To explore the characteristics of underwater blast injuries. Methods Nineteen adult hybrid dogs were placed 10.36,12.79 and 15.25m far from the detonation point. The exposion for 1. 019 and 1. 020 kg TNT was taken 3m under the water. Physical-parameters of blast wave was measured using PCB pressure transducers. The survival states and morphological changes from field to 20 - 28hours after injury were observed. Results The mortality rate was 31.58% （6/19）. Incidence of lung injuries was the highest（ 100% ） in morphological observation ,which mainly showed various degrees of pulmonary bleeding and pulmonary edema. The next was intestinal tract injuries （ incidence rate was 26.32% ） ,which mainly showed subserous bleeding, rupture of sermuscular layer and subserosal hematoma. Part of the animals showed minimal injuries of the liver and spleen, such as subcapsular bleeding and hematoma. One of the animals suffered subserosal and submucous bleeding in the urinary bladder. No injury was found on body surface. Conclusion Underwater blast injury is characterized by high mortality ,high incidence of lung injuries rate,high incidence of intestinal injuries, minimal injuries of parenchymal organs on liver and spleen, a few were found in the fluid containing organs such as gallbladder, urinary bladder and body surface.