南京市住院病人抗菌药物使用情况分析

Analysis of the Antibiotic Use in the Hospitalized Patients

对南京市１１７４２例住院病人抗菌药物使用情况及其与医院感染的关系作了调查。结果表明，住院病人抗菌药物使用率中位数为６０．３０％．使用率较高的前５位药物依次为：青霉素类，氨基甙类，头孢菌素类，氟喹诺酮类及硝基咪唑类，共占所用抗菌药物的８８．６４％．联合用药率５７．０５％．依据细菌培养及其抗生素敏感试验用药率仅为１．８４％．对３所不同等级医院同期出院病人１９８２例抽样调查表明：发生医院感染前使用抗生素者占感染者总数的７８．４１％，未使用者占２１．５９％（Ｐ＜０．０１），且两者平均抗菌药物使用种类，联合用药率，预防用药率及合理治疗率这四个因素也存在显著差异。

The antibiotic use in 11742 cases of hospitalized patients and its relation with nosocomial infection were studied.The result showed that the median of the antibiotic use in hospitalized patients was 60.30%.The first five frequently used antibiotics,penicillins,aminoglycosides,cephalosporins,floroquinolones and metronidazoles accounted for 88.64% of all the antibiotic agents.The rate of combined antibiotic use was 57.05%. According to the culture of bacteria and their antimicrobial susceptibility test of antibiotics,the rate of antibiotic use should be1.84%.A sample survey made on 1982 cases of hospitalized patients who were discharged at the same time from three different class hospitals showed that before getting nosocomial infection,those patients who had used antibiotics accounted for 78.41% while those who hadn't were 21.59%(p<0.01).In considering the following four factors:the average kinds of antibiotics for use,the rate of combined antibiotic use,the rate of prophylactic antibiotic use and the rate of reasonable therapy,there were significant differences between those who had used antibiotics and those who hadn't.