湖北九连墩楚墓出土青铜器钎焊材料的分析

Soldering technique of bronzes excavated from Jiuliandun tomb in Hubei province

研究了湖北九连墩楚墓青铜器（300BC）的钎焊技术。肉眼观察发现钎焊接头方式为榫接方式，一些焊缝被处理光滑、致密，具有热处理的特点，存在着底部注入式和侧面注入式的钎料浇口设计方式。利用X射线衍射（XRD）、X射线荧光光谱（XRF）、扫描电镜能谱（SEM—EDX）和差示扫描量热法（DSC）等现代科技手段研究了钎料。结果表明，钎料为不同配比的Pb—Sn合金，杂质含量很少，平均配比为73Pb：27Sn，为高Pb低Sn合金；合金组织呈现铸造形态，表明当时采用了浇注钎料熔液的钎焊方式，部分钎料的熔点在180～186℃之间，钎料的低工作温度说明它们不适合高温蒸煮，这类器物的制作目的是作为礼器。

The oldering technique of Bronzes Excavated from Jiuliandun Tomb of Warring States in Chinese Hubei Province was investigated. According to naked-eye observation, it was concluded the welded splice used mortise-tenons, with smooth and crinkly soldered joint by thermal processing and that the pouring gates were designed at the bottom or the side wall. The solders were investigated using diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray detection and differential scanning calorimetry. Results show that solders were composed of Pb-Sn alloys with average mixture ration about Pb73 and Sn27 by XRF analysis, and the phase was as-cast microstructure observed by SEM, which indicated ancient people poured melting solder to connect different bronze parts, and the melting point of some solders existing in 180-186 ℃ by DSC, which meant they had low work temperature and the aim to produce them just were used as bronze sacrificial ware.