树木抗旱机理研究进展

Research advances in mechanisms of tree species drought resistance

干旱是树木成活与生长的重要限制因素之一。研究树木的抗旱性,有助于了解树木的干旱适应性机制,探求树木抗旱的适宜调控措施,对充分发挥森林的生态效益具有重要作用。本文从树木的水分关系、净光合速率与蒸腾速率、叶片的δ13C值、木质部导管空穴、光合机制与抗氧化保护机制、渗透调节、脱落酸和C4植物的抗旱机理及树木的抗旱基因与遗传特性(包括水通道蛋白、逆境信号转导、树木抗旱性的遗传基因工程)方面对树木抗旱机理研究进行了综述。

Drought is one of the important limiting factors for the survival and growth of trees. To research the drought resistance of tree species is helpful to the understanding of the adaptation mechanisms of tree species to drought, and to explore related suitable measures is of significance in fully developing the ecological efficiency of forests. This paper summarized the research ad- vances in the drought resistance mechanisms of tree species from the aspects of water relationships among tree species, net photosynthesis and transpiration rates, leaf δ^3C-value, xylem cavitation, mechanisms of photosynthesis and antioxidative protection, osmotic adjustment, abscisic acid （ABA） and drought resistance mechanisms of C4 plants, and drought resistance gene and heredity characteristics （including aquaporin, signal transduction in adversity, and heredity gene of drought resistance）.