融入与排斥的两难:农民工入城的困境分析

The Dilemma of Engagement and Exclusion: the Embarrassing Situation for Peasant Workers in the City

改革开放打破了城乡相对隔离的封闭状态,受到城乡差距"推拉力"牵引的农民大量离开农村涌入城市,在不断城市化的进程中,出现了"农民工"这一独特的社会现象。他们涌入城市,意在摆脱贫困,却无形中被纳入城市化进程中"边缘化"的困境。这种"边缘化"集中表现为身份的二重性以及精神世界的矛盾。究其深层原因,则是"农民工"力图摆脱贫困的主观能动性与城市生活的规则与其惯有方式对农民工心理上的排斥而造成的。因此,用合理的制度安排以帮助农民摆脱贫困,打破城乡二元结构,促进农民工与城市居民之间的良性心理互动是有利于农民工摆脱困境命运的出路。

The economic reform and opening to the outside world has broken the separation between the city and the country side, and the peasants swarmed into the cities driven by the city-country contrast. In the process of urbanization, the peasant workers who came into the cities for the purpose of relieving poverty are gradually being marginalized in the city. This is best reflected in the dual identity and spiritual contradiction. The deep cause of this phenomenon is the conflict between their subjective enthusiasm in reliving off poverty and psychological rejection of them resulted in the urban codes of living and habitual patterns. Therefore, the way out of the dilemma is to help peasants relive poverty, break city-countryside difference, and enhance the positive psychological interaction between peasant workers and urban citizens with proper systems.