中国能源密集型产品出口贸易的环境代价

On the Environmental Costs in China's Export of Energy-intensive Goods

一国出口产品本质上是在出口生产这种产品所密集使用的生产要素。能源密集型产品是中国出口贸易的大宗商品,其生产又是中国工业污染的主要来源之一。中国作为环境资源极为稀缺的国家,大量出口此类产品会导致中国在贸易中实际获取的比较利益比账面上获得的少,从而使中国应得的比较利益发生扭曲。由于环境影响往往具有隐蔽及难以用货币计量等特性,我国能源密集型产品出口贸易的环境代价长期被忽略。但随着环境容量资源的相对稀缺性日益增强,我国此类产品出口的环境代价日益凸现。矫正这一比较利益"扭曲"的有效途径可包括:(1)调整要素比价,改变目前我国资源低价、环境无价的价格体系不合理现象,逐步使我国出口此类产品的价格包含资源和环境的代价。(2)更好地运用清洁发展机制。

This paper attributes the exogeneity of environmental costs in enterprises＇ decision-making to the property of environmental factors. It then makes a two-level estimation of the environmental costs in China＇s export of energy-intensive goods. Further analysis point out that the establishment of a price system for environmental capacity, as well as the clean development mechanism, can economically and sustainably reduce such costs, and therefore enhance China＇s comparative advantage and gains from trade.