回眸历史:对茅盾创作模式的理性审视

Look Back the History:The Rationality Examines about Mao Dun's Creation Model

作为一位中国现代文学史上声望卓著的作家,茅盾的文学创作及其为代表的现实主义文学思潮曾在中国新文学史上产生过深刻影响,而数十年来对其评价产生严重倾斜,不利于文学历史经验的总结。20世纪80年代后期以来的评论中,争议最大的是对茅盾创作"模式"的评价,其中虽褒贬不一,但质疑之声不绝于耳,很大程度上影响了对茅盾成就的估价,也影响了对现实主义文学的科学评价。返观现实,回眸历史,对茅盾创作"模式"作理性审视就非常必要。历史地看,茅盾作为中国现代作家中接受"欧洲正宗现实主义"的典型代表,从理论自觉性和创作实践自觉性两个层面把握现实主义,对中国现实主义创作模式的建构起到了别人无可替代的作用;而其创作模式中最遭非议的坚持用社会科学理论指导创作,也有着复杂情状,不可予以简单否定。对《子夜》等作品的评价,因受到特定时代语境的影响,总是摆不定,连茅盾本人也未能免俗,这是值得深入探究的。

Mao Dun was an outstanding writer in Chinese modern history of literature. So if we do some inappropriate appraisal about him, it will be disadvantageous to summary literature history experience. In some commentaries which were appeared 80＇s later periods of last century, there were a lot of sound of the questions about Mao Dun＇s creation model, which did harm to obtain scientific appraisal on Mao Dun and his realism literature. Thus, it is necessary to do the rationality examines about Mao Dun＇s creation model through the way of returning the view reality and the head the history. Mao Dun was the typical representative, who accepted ＂European ture realism＂ in Chinese modern writers. He had played unique role in grasping realism literature through the self-consciousness of theory and creation practice. Mao Dun＇s creation were instructed by social sciences theory continually, which had some complex situation, so we can not do simple denial. There were some phenomenon, which were about appraisaling the work of Midnight and so on, is worth going into serious research. These appraisals usually are inferenced by specific time linguistic environment. Even Mao Dun himself had not been able to avoid its influence.