君权、皇族与中晚唐政治

Monarchical Power,Royal,and Politics in Middle and Late Tang Dynasty

唐代君权与皇族地位的关系演变大体上可以分为三个阶段。高祖、太宗朝,君主通过提高皇族地位来巩固政权、加强君权;高宗至玄宗朝,君权与皇族地位之间出现裂痕,皇族地位的提高会影响、甚至威胁君权。为了加强君权,君主采取措施限制皇族的发展,导致皇族地位的降低。中唐时期,君主为保证自身权力继续削弱皇族,加强了对皇族、尤其是储君的监控。讽刺的是,君主倚重身边的宦官实现对朝政的控制,最终却导致权力的失控。主要表现为:储位之争发生了重大变化,储君废立由君主家事逐渐变为禁中事;君权由扩张转向衰微,皇族也更加衰落,对中晚唐政局产生了深刻影响。

In Tang Dynasty, the relationship between monarchical power and the royal＇s status could be divided into three phases. In the time of Gaozong and Taizong, they consolidated and strengthed their power by enhancing the royal＇ s status; while during the reign from Gaozong to Xuanzong, the divergences emerged for the reason that the enhancing of the royal＇s status would interfere and even threatened emperors＇ power. In order to expand their power, emperors took some measures to restrict the royal, which resulted in the decline of the royal＇s status. While in the period of middle and late Tang Dynasty, with an aim to ensure their power, emperors persisted in weakening the royal, and strengthed the control of them, especially the crown prince. Ironically, although emperors relied highly on the eunuch to control government affairs, they finally lost the control of power. Such indications could be found from the contest of Crown-princeship which experienced important change, and the eunuch gradually dominate the disposing of crown prince; accompanying with the decline of monarchial power, the royal also declined, and all these brought deep influence on the political situation of middle and late Tang Dynasty.