50kg/m钢轨轨底缺陷的检验和分析

Inspection and Analysis of Rail Base Defect of 50kg/m Steel Rail

钢轨轨底缺陷有三种：底伤、结疤和底裂缺陷。取20根有轨底缺陷的50kg／mU71Mn钢轨做试样，通过低倍、断口、金相检验和扫描电镜能谱分析，详细描述了轨底缺陷的宏观和微观特征，研究出钢轨轨底缺陷出现的规律及其产生的原因。通过对比试验，发现淄博1号保护渣有利于改善钢锭表面质量，提高钢轨一级品率。

Steel rail has 3 rail base defects: bottom defect,scab and bottom crack. Thespecimens taken from 20 ×50kg/m U71Mn steel rails with base defect have been analyzed bymacroscopic test, fracture test, metallograpical test, scanning electron microscope energyspectrum analysis ; a detailed description of the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics ofbase defect has been given; the arising rule and the forming cause of rail defect have beenfound out. Conducting industrial comparative test, it is found out that Zibo No. 1 castingpowder is favourable to improve surface quality of ingots and to increase quality grade percent.