游学与汉末政治

Travel Study and Politics in the East Han Dynasty

古代士人素有游学之传统,东汉时游学尤盛且具有浓厚的政治色彩。东汉游学形成了"处士山积,学者川流"的盛况。其政治色彩表现为两端:一是游学成为干谒手段,游学重在(交)游不在(求)学,士人为能出人头地,多以游学的名义结交名士、朝臣,以邀名利,此乃东汉中后期仕路日益滞塞和士人心态急功近利、日趋浮躁所致;二是游学助长了汉末处士横议式的清议之风及党同伐异式的结党之风,一方面是以游学的太学生为主体、以批评朝政为中心内容的处士横议,一方面是师生之间、同门之间的关系从荣辱与共到越来越带有政治结党性质,隐然成为与朝廷分庭抗礼、与宦官集团势不两立的政治集团,汉末的党锢之祸遂不可避免。

There was a tradition of travel study in ancient China, especially in the East Han dynasty. Travel study had become a part of scholars＇life in that period, and it has its own characteristics, that is, it had carried on a painted political color. In the latter part of the East Han Dynasty, the teachers and their students were full of enthusiasm about clique and critique, and lead to a great disaster to them.