着眼差异:比较克罗齐与柯林伍德的历史理论

Differences in Croce and Collingwood's Historical Theories

柯林伍德与克罗齐均从反对客观主义的立场出发,要求改变历史研究消极呆板的状况,重建历史与哲学的统一。柯林伍德借助历史哲学建构历史学;克罗齐从历史认识本身出发走得更远,认为历史与哲学同一。在国内,二者历史理论的差异没有得到足够重视,相反相似点被夸大。文章认为,柯氏与克氏论述语境不同,一个在讨论历史学,一个在讨论历史;二者历史理论架构自哲学观到历史观最后到历史知识观都存在着重要差别。

From the viewpoint of opposing objectivism, both Croce and Collingwood advocated to change the passive situation of history study and recover the unification of history and philosophy. Collingwood based his history discipline on historical philosophy while Croce, by emphasizing history itself, went further to believe the identity of history and philosophy. In China, the differences between the two have not been explored much, with their similarities being exaggerated. It is stated that their theories are different, the former focusing on the discipline of history while the latter on history itself. Differences are also found in their ideas of philosophy, history and knowledge.