接受孕前咨询妇女的特征与心理分析

The characteristics and mental status of the couples who received preconceptional counseling

目的了解参加孕前咨询妇女的特征和心理状况。方法使用自制孕前咨询调查表和Beck抑郁量表对122例在复旦大学附属妇产科医院参加孕前咨询妇女进行调查。结果女方平均年龄(29.5±3.4)岁,男方平均年龄(31.6±4.7)岁。大学及以上学历者在女方中占83.6%,在男方中占80.3%。以前未接受婚检者占55.7%。Beck抑郁量表平均得分为(4.96±5.61),有轻度以上抑郁表现的占38.4%。Logistic回归分析发现:工作压力中等的计划妊娠妇女其抑郁倾向的发生率是工作压力高的计划妊娠妇女的0.30倍。有自然流产或不明原因流产史的计划妊娠妇女其抑郁倾向的发生比是无生育史计划妊娠妇女的4.72倍。结论在取消了强制性婚前检查的情况下,孕前咨询对促进优生优育非常关键。计划怀孕的妇女所承受的心理压力较高,在孕前咨询的过程中,要着重注意工作压力高和有自然流产/不明原因流产史两类妇女的心理,对他们进行必要的心理调节十分重要。

Objective To explore the characteristics and mental status of the couples who received preconceptional counseling. Methods The self-made questionnaire for preconceptional counseling and Beck Depression Inventory（BDI） were used in 122 couples for investigation in Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University. Results The mean age of the females was 29.5 year old and of the males 31.6 year old. 83.6 % of females and 80.3 % of males had Baccalaureate or higber educational background. 55.7 % of the couples did not have premarital medical examination before. The mean score of BDI was 4.96 and 38.4% of the females presented low to high level of depression. Logistic regression analysis showed that the strongest predictors for depression in women were work pressure（OR 0. 302） and spontaneous abortion （OR 4.716）. Conclusion Without mandatory premarital examination, preconceptional counseling is the key measure to safeguard maternal and child health. During of preconceptional counseling, the mental status of the women should be paid more attention because they may be burdened by intended pregnancy.