固体微推力器设计与数值分析

Design and numerical analysis on a solid micro-thruster

设计了两种基于微光机电技术的固体微推力器结构,其中一种结构具有不连续的非正常拉瓦尔喷管。采用数值计算方法对不同的设计进行了内弹道、燃气流动过程和热损失的数值分析。结果表明:不连续的非正常拉瓦尔喷管同样能够将推进剂燃气加速到超声速,其比冲性能与正常拉瓦尔喷管相当;微光机电技术常用的硅材料会造成推力器比冲性能较大量级的下降,而绝热性能良好的玻璃或陶瓷材料可以有效提高微推力器的比冲性能。

Two types of solid micro-thruster structure were designed based on MEMS technique,one of which with discrete and abnormal laval nozzle.Numerical analysis of the interior ballistics,the flow of the gas and heat loss for different designs show that the discrete and abnormal laval nozzle also can accelerate the propellant gas to the speed of ultrasonic.Its specific impulse is almost the same with that of a normal one.In addition,silicon which is commonly used in MEMS technique may tremendously damp the specific impulse,while glass and pottery withgood insulating property can efficiently enhance it.