区域农业可持续发展的生态安全评价——以福建省为例

Ecological Security Evaluation of Regional Agriculture Sustainable Development: A Case Study on Fujian Province

在国内外已有研究的基础上,提出了福建省农业可持续发展生态安全评价的指标体系,从时间尺度上对福建省农业可持续发展的生态安全进行了动态评价。结果表明,1981年以来农业生产环境安全指数和农业资源安全指数总体下降,农村社会发展指数不断升高;区域农业可持续发展生态安全综合指数则经历了下降、快速上升和快速下降三个阶段。以2003年为例,对福建省农业可持续发展生态安全的主要障碍因素进行诊断表明,农业可持续发展生态安全的威胁主要来自于农业资源安全和农业生产环境安全两方面。农业资源安全、农业生产环境安全和农村社会发展对农业可持续发展生态安全的限制作用依次为45.32%、33.92%和20.76%。最后,为提高福建省农业可持续发展的生态安全水平,提出了相关的政策和建议。

Agriculture ecological security is the foundation of regional ecological security, and is the basis of sustainable development.Based on the existing study on the ecological security in and out of China, the evaluation indexes of ecological security of agriculture sustainable development in Fujian province was carried out.According to the evaluation indexes,Fujian province was taken as a case study and its ecological security situation of agriculture sustainable development from 1981 to 2004 was assessed quantitatively.The result shows： the security index of agriculture production environment decreased from 0.573 in 1981 to 0.424 in 1996,a decreased of 26% and an annual average decrease ratio of 1.63% ;then it increased from 0.424 in 1996 to 0.476 in 2004.The security index of agricultural resources decreased unsteadily from 0.623 in 1981 to 0.350 in 2004,a decrease of 43.82% and an annual average decrease ratio of 1.83% ;but during the period of 1998 to 2004,it decreased sharply from 0.517 to 0.350,an annual average decrease ratio of 4.76% which was 2.6 times of the average decrease ratio of the 24 years.While to variation of rural development index,it can be divided into two stages：the first stage was from 1981 to 1998 ,during this period the index increased from 0.285 to 0.629,an increase of 120.7% and an annual average increase ratio of 6.71%;and the second stage was from 1998 to 2004, and the index was in a steacly situation.The variation of the ecological security index of regional agriculture sustainable development （CESIRASD） can be divided into three stages：the first stage was from 1981 to 1986,during this period the index decreased from 0.482 to 0.446;the second stage was from 1986 to 1998,the index increased from 0.446 to 0.529;and the third stage was from 1998 to 2004 ,and the index decreased from 0.529 to 0.472.Taking 2003 as an example,the main obstacles of ecological security of regional agriculture sustainable development was diagnosed.The result shows that the main threats came from the two aspects：the agricultural resources security and agriculture production environment security.The limiting contributions of agriculture resource security,agriculture producing environment security and rural social development were 45.32%,33.92% and 20.76% respectively.Finally,in order to improve the ecological security level of agriculture sustainable development in Fujian province, some advices were put forward,such as intensifying protection of the cultivated land ,improving the multiplecropping index and the production .of the grain,reducting resources input per unit area, developing advanced agricultural production technology and construction of eco-agriculture, etc.