出生缺陷高发区妇女饮食行为及干预方法

Qualitative study of dietary behaviors related to intervention of birth defects

目的了解与出生缺陷有关的饮食行为习惯,为制定效果肯定、群众易于接受的干预措施和方法提供依据。方法选定山西省出生缺陷率较高3个县的6个乡12个村,120名妇女为研究对象。对有经验的调查员进行培训,根据事先制定的访谈提纲和食物频率问卷进行调查。结果当地食物资源缺乏,只种植土豆和玉米,不种植其它新鲜蔬菜和水果,不养殖禽畜。妇女饮食单调,一年四季只食用土豆和面粉,每日饮食中蛋白质,蔬菜和水果的食用量小于中国营养学会膳食宝塔推荐量。当地妇女非常愿意接受保健知识宣传教育,愿意接受价格合适的多种营养素增补剂,以及根据自家和当地实际情况养殖禽畜,以增加优质蛋白质的摄入量。结论出生缺陷饮食行为干预的的重点是引导妇女建立健康的饮食行为习惯,提高肉类、奶类、蛋类、蔬菜和水果的食用量。

Objective To understand the dietary behaviors related to the birth defects,and to provide the evidence for practical,effective and acceptable intervention.Methods Three counties with high prevalence of birth defects were selected,then two townships were randomly selected from each county,two villages from each township,and 8-10 women from each village.The final study subjects incuded 120 local women from twelve villages.The women were interviewed by trained investigators e with self-designed outline and the questionnaire of food frequency which were validated before the formal interview.Results The food resource in study area is very simplex.Potato and flour are the main foods,and the other kinds of foods such as fresh vegetables,fruit and meat,are scarce.The women＇s intake of fresh vegetables,fruit and meat in were lower than the recommendation in dietary pagoda by the Nutrition Society of China.The local women are willing to receive the health education and the inexpensive multi-nutrients supplement.Conclusion The birth defects may be related to nutrients insufficiency of pregnant women,therefore the intervention measures of birth defects should not only provide them the health knowledge and health dietary habits by health education,but also help them to get multinutrient supplementation by some effective methods.