隋唐时期西域诸国的民族关系思想

The Thought of Relations Among States in the Western Regions in the Sui and the Tang Dynasties

在隋唐时期,高昌首领麴伯雅的"变夷从夏"思想、麴文泰的"各得其所"主张、普通民众对高昌与唐朝关系以及高昌最后结局的预测,基本反映了高昌民族关系思想的大致情况。麴伯雅的"变夷从夏"思想,既与高昌与中原地区十分密切的渊源关系有关,也是高昌文化与少数民族文化冲突的产物,还与麴伯雅娶华容公主为妻以及在中原地区的生活经历有关。麴文泰之所以胆敢按照"各得其所"的思路向唐太宗的权威地位进行挑战,主要因为他做出了三种错误的判断:第一,与西突厥签订了"共为表里"的盟约,误以为得到了西突厥的支持;第二,误以为唐朝没有出兵高昌的实力;第三,误以为高昌距唐朝遥远,唐朝无法到达;即使到达也不堪一击。高昌很快被唐所灭,在很大程度上与麴文泰的错误判断和决策有关。从唐玄宗开元七年(719年)至天宝元年(742年),康国、安国、俱密国、吐火罗、石国、西曹国及箇失蜜等列于《新唐书.西域传》的七国国王纷纷上表,或向唐"乞兵救援",或请求内属,或希望得到唐朝的册封。他们的上表虽然比较简单,但都突出反映了他们以"赤心奉国"为核心的民族关系思想。西域诸国对民族关系的反思和认识,是隋唐时期民族关系思想的重要组成部分。

The leader of Gao Chang state once considered that the Tang Dynasty was far away form his state, so it was difficult for it to reach his state, even if it could reach his state, it was easy to be defeated. The leader of Gao Chang also thought that the Tang Dynasty had no military power to conquer Gao Chang. Because of these wrong judgments, Gao Chang state was soon conquered by the Tang Dynasty. Thereafter the leaders of the seven states m the Western Regions expressed their faithfulness to the Tang Dynasty. The reflections and attitudes of the states in the Western Regions formed an important component in the relations among nationalities in the Sui and the Tang Dynasties.