俄国农民与十月革命

The Russian Peasants and the Russian Revolution in October 1917

十月革命前,俄国基本上是一个农业国,农民占人口的绝大多数,农民忠于沙皇政府,是沙皇政府的重要社会基础之一。十月革命的胜利和苏维埃政权的巩固,得到了农民的支持与帮助。农民改变态度,从支持沙皇政府和支持二月革命后建立的临时政府,转而支持布尔什维克领导的革命,其原因有三:第一,沙皇的战争政策,损害了农民的利益,使农民对沙皇政府失去了信心;第二,临时政府坚持战争的政策,把农民推向布尔什维克;第三,十月革命后,列宁和布尔什维克党根据变化的情况,不断调整对农民的政策,调动了农民的革命积极性,使他们从观望、困惑、彷徨和反对中,转变为支持布尔什维克领导的苏维埃政府。

Before October 1917, Russia was largely a rural country, which the peasants made up the most of the country＇ s total population. The Russian peasants were the social basis for the Tsar＇ s government. Without the Russian peasants＇ support, any possible revolution in Russian would achieve no success and be short life. However, because the Tsar＇s government participated the World War I, which brought great hardship and disastrous consequences to the peasants and shook the rule of the Tsar＇ s government to its very foundations. The continuation of adhering to the World War I by the provisional government, which set up right after the Russian Revolution in February 1917, also opposed by the Russian peasants. After the Russian Revolution in October 1917, unsurprisingly, therefore, the Russian peasants gave their support to the Bolshevik Soviet Government, owing to the policy of opposing war of the Bolshevik and the right policies toward Russian peasants formulated by Lien from 1917 to 1923.