专利药品“反公地悲剧”探析

Study on the "tragedy of anticommons" for the patented medicine

经济学者认为,若过多所有人对于同一资源拥有排他权,则无人可有效运用此资源,成为"反公地悲剧"。在专利药品涉及多项专利权、且专利授权难以进行的情况下,将因专利权人相互牵制或欠缺互补导致无人可有效实施,从而陷入专利药品"反公地悲剧"。本文分析了专利药品"反公地悲剧"的成因,并探讨了解决这一问题的两种途径。

In the ＂tragedy of anticommons＂, each of multiple owners has the right to exclude others from a resource and this lead to the underused resource, since none of the owners can use the whole resource. If the patented medicine involves multiple patents, then it is difficult to get all the licensing of these patents. There will be patented medicine＇ s ＂tragedy of anticommons＂ since no one can implement the medicine effectively. The reasons for which the tragedy happens and the solutions for this problem are analyzed.