民国时期法定传染病病种考析

A type analysis of the statutory infectious diseases in the Republican period

目前学界关于民国时期法定传染病的种类有不同的说法，最常见有9种说、10种说、11种说与13种说，各种说法不仅在传染病病种上有差异，而且在颁行的时间上差异也较大。民国时期的法定传染病病种在1916年定为8种，即霍乱、痢疾、伤寒、天花、白喉、猩红热、鼠疫、斑疹伤寒；1928年定为9种，即新增“流行性脑脊髓膜炎”；1944年定为10种，即新增“回归热”，此后再无变动。指定传染病先是回归热和疟疾，当“回归热”升为法定传染病后，指定传染病为疟疾和黑热病。法定传染病和指定传染的确立，表明民国政府已介入传染病的管理。

In the current academic circle, there are different opinions about the types of the statutory infectious diseases in the Republican period, including the nine-, ten-, eleven- and thirteen-type hypotheses being the most popular. They are different not only on the diseases types, but also about the time of its announcement. This article argues that there were eight kinds of statutory infectious diseases in 1916, i.e. cholera, dysentery, typhoid, smallpox, diphtheria, scarlatina, plague, and typhus ; nine in 1928, with cerebrospinal meningitis being added; ten in 1944, with relapsing fever being added; after that, there were no changes. The appointed infectious diseases were initially relapsing fever and malaria; when the relapsing fever became the statutory one, then the appointed ones were the malaria and kala-azar. The establishment of the statutory and the appointed infectious diseases signified that the government of the Republican period had intervened in the administration of infectious diseases.