几种典型生态农业模式的优点及实现途径

Characteristics of eco-agriculture patterns and execution approaches

概括了集约化农业所带来的环境问题,如水土资源枯竭、水土流失严重、环境污染等,简介了生态农业模式的特点和优点,总结归纳了生态农业在我国的3种模式及其成功案例,即以"食物链"原理为依据发展起来的良性循环多级利用型模式、根据生物群落演替原理发展起来的时空演替合理配置型模式、生态经济学原理指导下的系统调控型模式,提出标准化是集约化农业向生态农业转变的关键,介绍了农业标准化系统工程及实施农业标准化的方法、步骤,并举例说明农业标准化在生态农业模式中的应用实例,如农田立体式、山地立体式和果园立体式。

This article generalized environmental problems induced by agro-intensivism,such as water and soil dry-up and erosion,environment pollution,etc.The characteristics,strengths and weaknesses of eco-agriculture were thoroughly discussed,and three best eco-agriculture patterns and success scenarios in China were put forward.The three best eco-agriculture patterns include：（1） the circulating and multi-polar mode based on food chain theory;（2） the spatial-temporal succession and rational configuration mode based on community succession theory;（3） the system regulation mode based on eco-economic theory.It is concluded that agricultural standardization is the transformation key from agro-intensivism to eco-agriculture pattern.The paper introduces standardization strategies of agricultural project,methods and approaches of execution of agricultural standardization,and eco-agricultural standardization application scenarios of three-dimensional cropland,mountain region,and orchard modes.