中国粮食贸易中的虚拟水量与贡献分析

Analysis on Quantity and Contribution of Virtual Water in China's Grain Trade

虚拟水是指包含在国际粮食作物贸易中的水。从分析我国粮食对外贸易历程及特点出发,采用国际平均值估算1960-2003年我国小麦、大豆贸易净进口虚拟水量为3232.1×108m3和1123.7×108m3;玉米、稻谷净出口虚拟水量为459.2×108m3和1171.2×108m3。合计四种粮食贸易净进口虚拟水量为2725.4×108m3。这些虚拟水量对缓解农业用水紧张、弥补我国农业用水资源的不足起到一定贡献。并就运用虚拟水战略指导我国农业结构调整等问题提出了初步建议。

Virtual water refers to the water of international grain trade. From analyzing the course and features of China＇s grain trade, the net imported virtual water in wheat and soybean trade is 3232. 1×10^8 m^3 and 1123.7×10^8 m^3 respectively form 1960 to 2003; the net exported in maize and rice trade is 459. 2×10^8 m^3 and 1171.2× 10^8 m^3 respectively by using the international average estimation. The net imported virtual water in the four grain trade is 2725.4× 10^8 m^3. These virtual water contributes to ease the tension of water utilization and compensate the deficiency of water resources in agriculture. By using strategy of virtual water, this paper put forward some suggestions on guiding the adjustment of China＇s agricultural structure.