不同pH值精子营养液对男性精液各参数的影响以及机制的初步探讨

Effects of semen nutrient solution on male seminal parameters and its potential mecbanism

目的研究不同 pH 值的精子营养液对男性精液各参数的影响。方法采用精子尾部低渗肿胀实验、毛细管穿透实验分别检测了15名健康供精者的精液在 pH 值分别为4.2、5.2、6.2、7.2(为实验对照组)、8.2、9.2、10.2、11.2下的精子的活动率、活力、肿胀率,毛细管爬高高度,同时使用比色法检测精液在不同 pH 值下精子的钠-钾交换 ATP 酶(Na^+/K^+-ATP 酶)的活性变化。结果精子在中性和偏碱的溶液中活力较强,在 pH 值为4.2、11.2时,由于溶液 pH 值过酸或过碱,精子活动被完全抑制。以 pH=7.2为对照组,除 pH 值为8.2组外,其余各组在精子尾部肿胀率、毛细管爬高高度水平上与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);pH 值为5.2、6.2、9.2、10.2各组在精子活动率、活力上与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。同时在 pH 值为5.2、9.2、10.2下的精子肿胀率与精子活动率有相关性(r 值分别为0.633、0.729、0.713,P<0.05),pH 值为5.2、8.2、9.2、10.2下的精子肿胀率与精子的活力也有相关性(r 值分别为0.546、0.532、O.826、0.723,P<0.05)。精子在低于或高于正常精液 pH 值条件下,Na^+/K^+-ATP 酶的活性均有不同程度地下降,精子营养液在 pH 值为4.2、9.2、10.2、11.2时,Na^+/K^+-ATP 酶的活性分别为(0.62±0.38)、(1.51±1.08)、(0.81±0.20)、(0.75±0.28)μmolPi/mgprot/hour,与对照组(pH=7.2)比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在低于或高于正常精液 pH 值条件下,氢离子浓度可能引起精子 Na+~/K^+-ATP酶活性的下降,从而影响精子的活动率、活力、肿胀率和毛细管爬高高度,提示女性阴道 pH 环境改变也是引起不孕不育的原因之一。

Objective To investigate the effect of semen nutrient solution on male seminal parameters. Methods Semen samples from 15 fertile men were treated with different nutrient solution （pH 4. 2,5.2,6. 2,7. 2,8. 2,9. 2,10. 2,11.2）. Meanwhile, the semen parameters （ sperm viability, motility, hypoosmotic swelling rate and sperm glass capillary penetration） were evaluated by hypoosmotic swelling test and sperm glass capillary penetration test. Moreover, the activity of Na^＋/K^＋ -ATPase was also determined by colorimetric method. Results Compared with the group of pH 7. 2, each group had a significant change in sperm viability, motility, hypoosmotic swelling rate and glass capillary penetration （P 〈 0. 05 ） except the group of pH 8.2. The hypoosmotic swelling rate had a positive correlation with the sperm motility in the group of pH 5.2,9.2,10. 2（P 〈0. 05）. The hypoosmotic swelling rate had a positive correlation with the sperm viability in the group of pH 5.2,8.2,9.2,10. 2（ P 〈 0. 05 ）. The activity of Na^＋/K^＋-ATPase was （0. 62 ± 0. 38 ）, （ 1.51 ± 1.08 ）, （0. 81 ± 0. 20）, （0. 75 ± 0. 28 ） μmolPi/mgprot/hour in the group of pH 4. 2,9.2, 10. 2 and 11.2 ,respectively Compared with the group of pH 7. 2, it was declined significantly （P 〈0. 05）. Conclusions When the pH value of semen nutrient solution is lower or higher than normal semen pH （ pH =7. 2）, the change of H^＋ concentration might inhibit the activity of Na^＋/K^＋-ATPase, which affects the sperm viability, motility, hypoosmotic swelling rate and sperm glass capillary penetration. These results suggest that different pH value in vagina may be one of the reasons causing infertility.