转基因技术在棉花育种上的应用

Application of Genetic Transformation in Cotton Breeding

综述了转基因技术在棉花遗传改良中的应用,包括棉花抗病、抗虫、抗除草剂、抗逆以及品质改良等方面的最新进展,并对棉花转基因研究中存在的主要问题和今后的研究与应用前景进行分析和展望。

Great advances have been made in cotton genetic transformation since the first transgenic cotton plant was obtained in 1987. Transgenic cotton for insect and herbicide resistance was obtained in the early years of 1990. Insect control protein genes of Bt, PI and lectin in cotton plants at levels that provided effective control of agronomically important lepidopteran insect pests. Weed control based on the application of herbicides to transgenic cotton crops has also been shown to be practical and useful. Thus, transgenic cottons have been generated using aroA, BXN, tfda, AHAS and PAT genes. Being low cost, high efficiency and environmental safety, transgenic cotton with Bt gene and anti-weedicide has been large-scale commercially applied and have brought great economic and social benefit to the world. Cotton is susceptible to biotic and abiotic stresses which prevent the development of cotton industry. In recent years, several disease resistance and salty tolerance genes have been transferred into cotton, such as GO, Chi, Glu gene and MnSOD, ipt, betA gene. However, most of these genetically modified cottons were not commercially applied due to their low effective to diseases and stresses. To make cotton fiber more versatile for textiles, there is a need to improve not only its strength and length but also its dye binding, thermal, wrinkle and shrinkage resistance properties. Cotton has been transformed for fibers having longer length, more tensile strength, colored and better insulating characteristics using genes of rabbit keratin, silkworm fibroin, acsA, acsB, phaB and phaC to meet the demands for textile industry and taste for better clothing. Transgenic cotton researches for improving insect resistance, herbicide resistance, disease resistance, stress tolerance and fiber quality modification are presented. Meanwhile, an assessment of performance of transgenic cotton and its potential in cotton genetic transformation are prospected.