春季三种鹀类媒鸟鸣叫声对其集群行为的影响

Influence of Twitter of the Medium bird of Three Species of Emberizidae on their Gathering Behavior in Spring

鸟鸣是一种非常重要的鸟类行为。目前我国各地鸟类环志站为了提高鸟类环志数量,媒鸟引诱方法是环志工作中常用的方法,但是该方法也具有其局限性。2007年3～5月,笔者对黑龙江省帽儿山鸟类保护环志站春季常见的3种鹀科鸟类田鹀、黄喉鹀和灰头鹀,通过媒鸟鸣叫声音吸引其他同种鸟的方法,研究对鸟类集群行为的影响,以找出不同迁徙阶段以及每日不同时间段其鸣声对集群行为的影响,其结果将对增加鸟类环志数量具有一定的意义。研究表明:鸟类的鸣叫声音对于鸟类迁徙不同阶段的集群行为有不同的影响,在每天的不同时间段鸟鸣叫声音对其集群也是有一定的影响。对于旅鸟如田鹀等,媒鸟对于同种鸟的集群行为有明显的作用。当地繁殖的夏候鸟如灰头鹀,在迁到后期则不能使用媒鸟来提高环志量,因为它起的作用可能是完全相反的。各种鸟每日不同时间段媒鸟所起的作用也有较大的差异。对于夏候鸟而言,迁来早期早晨媒鸟有吸引的作用,而迁来中晚期则作用相反。

Twitter of birds is a very important action in birds ＇ behavior with different meanings and one of them is to gather birds of the same species together. So, in bird banding, twitter of the medium bird is often used to attract birds of the same species in migration to the catching net to increase the number of birds for banding. Yet, due to its diverse functions, twitter of birds may produce different results. From March to May, 2007, during banding of three species of Emberizidae ： Emberiza rustica, Emberiza elegans and Emberiza spodocephala, their twitter gave different effects on the gathering behavior in different stages of migration and in different times in a day. Results indicated that twitter of the medium bird of Emberiza rustica gathered birds of the same species effectively, while that of Emberiza spodocephala did not raise the amount of banding birds in the later stage of migration, due the reverse effect on gathering. In a day, twitter of summer visitors, such as Emberiza spodocephala, attracted affectively in the morning in the early stage of migration, but the effect in middle and latter stages of migration was reversed.