清代塞外围场土地资源环境变迁

The Changes on Land Resource and Environment of the Paddock in North Great Wall in Qing Dynasty

清代塞外围场是皇家的禁苑,其自封禁为狩猎地至开放为农耕地的过程,涵盖了18世纪以来人、自然和社会三者关系中的一系列新的变化内容。伴随人口增加、人们对自然资源需求增大,农业土地资源利用形式新出,尤其是传统的家庭农业生产形式作为一种环境行为,对塞外围场及周边森林草原民族的环境行为带来了重要和持久的影响,原本的森林草场景观转而农田耕作,行政区划管理体系变化,社会影响深远。

The paddock of north Great Wall was the royal garden in Qing dynasty. The process of the paddock＇s blocking as hunting land to opening as agricultural land reflected new changes in the relation of people, nature and society. With the growth of population, more natural resources were needed, and new forms of land using emerged. The traditional family agriculture production, as an environmental behavior, had effected the environment of the paddock and neighboring nationalities seriously and permanently. The original landscape of forest pasture changed into farming land, the Administrative Divisions changed, either, and the social effect was long-lasting.