松嫩平原50年来气温及降水变化分析

Studies on Changes of Air Temperature and Precipitation for Last 50 Years in Songnen Plain

运用趋势系数和气候倾向率分析了松嫩平原地区50a来气温及降水的时空变化规律。结果表明,50a来本区气温有显著上升趋势,平均气温以0.3487℃/10a幅度升高。全年各月气温均呈上升趋势,但是冬春季升温剧烈,达0.5754℃/10a;夏秋季较弱,仅为0.1868℃/10a。由于最冷月平均温度升高比最热月大,导致气温年较差减少。气温升高存在显著的区域差异,平原西北部地区增温强烈,气温倾向率大于0.45℃/10a;平原东部地区气温倾向率较低,小于0.20℃/10a。全区降水总体趋势性变化不显著,但还是呈现弱的减少趋势,平均年降水量倾向率为-0.0783mm/10a,且秋季降水减少明显。

Based on the monthly data of air temperature and precipitation in the last 50 years from meteorological stations in the Songnen Plain, the climate variations and tendencies of the Songnen Plain were analysed by calculating climate trend coefficient and climate tendency ratio. The results showed that the annual mean air temperature increased by O. 3487~C each ten year in the Songnen Plain in the last 50 years. The monthly air temperature showed an increased trend. The strong increase of air temperature in the winter and spring was observed by 0. 5754℃ each ten year, while the air temperature in summer and autumn increased by 0. 1868℃ each ten year as well. As the increase of the air temperature in the cold season was higher than that in the hot season, the year air temperature differences decreased. The temperature increase showed a regional difference. The tendency ratio of air temperature was highest with 〉 0. 45℃ each ten year in the Northwest of the Plain, while it was the lowest with 〈0. 2℃ each ten year in the East of the Plain. The changes of the precipitation in the Songnen Plain were not significant, but with a weak decreased tendency. The tendency ratio of the yearly mean precipitation was - 0. 0783 mm each ten year. The decrease of precipitation in autumn was more obvious than that in other seasons.