雌雄异株植物对环境胁迫响应的性别差异研究进展

Research advances in sex-specific responses of dioecious plants to environmental stresses

从温度、CO2、水分以及生境变化4个方面综述了雌雄异株植物的雌雄个体在环境胁迫下出现的不同生理、生态和生化差异.温度胁迫将导致雌雄个体在气孔导度、净同化作用、耐冻性形成以及ABA含量等方面出现不同的生理响应,响应大小受限于外界条件.雄株植物的净光合速率高于雌株,而且随着CO2浓度的增高,二者的光合作用受到明显的促进,生物量均显著增加.水分胁迫使雌雄个体在干物质积累、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率和碳同位素值等生理指标以及部分形态指标呈现显著差异.多数植物的雄株个体在干旱环境中具有较高的水分利用效率,对水分胁迫的抗性更大.不同生境中雌雄异株植物雌雄个体的适应性各不相同.在土壤干燥、养分贫瘠、海拔较高、坡度较大的生境中,雄性植株生长良好,数量较多;而在湿润、肥沃、低海拔或低洼的生境中,雌性植株生长良好.

This paper summarized the sexual differences of dioecious plants in physiological, ecological and biochemical characters under environmental stresses of changing temperature, CO2, water, and habitat. Temperature stress induces different physiological responses, e.g. , stomatal conductance, net assimilation, freezing tolerance development, and ABA content between male and female individuals, and the capability of these sex-specific responses is limited by outside conditions. Male individuals have a higher net photosynthesis rate than female individuals, and the photosynthesis and biomass production are promoted by increasing CO2 concentration for both male and female individuals. Some morphological and physiological characteristics, e. g. , dry mass accumulation, net photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, water use efficiency and carbon isotope composition （δ^13 C）, are significantly different between male and female individuals under water stress. Compared with females, male individuals have higher water use efficiency and drought resistance. Therefore, under different habitats, male and female individuals have different adaptive capability. The males can grow well and have more individuals than the females in a dry, infertile, higher altitude and higher gradient habitat, while the females prefer a wet, fertile, lower altitude and lowland environment.