植物硫营养代谢、调控与生物学功能

Plant Sulfur Metabolism, Regulation, and Biological Functions

植物作为无机硫的主要还原者,在全球的硫循环中起着关键作用。植物对土壤中硫酸盐的吸收运输和同化代谢,以及一系列具有重要生物学功能的含硫代谢产物的合成,不但与植物生长发育、耐逆和抗病虫害等密切相关,而且影响农作物产量与品质。硫营养的代谢和调控非常复杂,且生物学功能众多。本文综述了近年来植物硫营养代谢及调控及其在逆境胁迫中的生物学功能等方面的新进展,同时讨论了该领域悬而未决的重要生物学问题和研究动向,进而提出硫营养在农业生产上的重要性和所面临的新问题。

Plants play a pivotal role in the global sulfur cycle as the dominant reducer of inorganic sulfur. Inorganic sulfate in the soil is taken up by plant roots, reduced, and assimilated into cysteine, the first organic reduced sulfur, from which many critical sulfur-containing metabolites are derived and play essential roles in plant development, abiotic stress tolerance, disease and insect resistance, as well as crop yield and grain quality. Sulfur may have the most complex metabolism and regulation and serve more biological functions than any other nutrients in plants. This review summarizes the recent advances in metabolism and regulation of sulfur and its roles in stress tolerance. Important unsolved problems in sulfur metabolism and the emerging issue of sulfur deficiency in agriculture are discussed.