青海3个生态类型藏绵羊血红蛋白多态性研究

Research on Polymorphism of Hemoglobin in Three Ecotypes Tibetan Sheep in Qinghai Province

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对青海3个生态类型共计216只藏绵羊血红蛋白(HB)多态性进行了分析,结果表明:欧拉型藏绵羊和山谷型藏绵羊HB位点受HBA和HBB2个等位基因控制,出现HBAA、HBAB和HBBB3种基因型;而高原型藏绵羊HB位点受HBA、HBB和HBC3个等位基因控制,出现HBAA、HBAB、HBBB和HBAC4种基因型。3个生态类型藏绵羊HB位点均分别以HBAA和HBA为优势基因型和优势等位基因,欧拉型藏绵羊、山谷型藏绵羊和高原型藏绵羊的HBAA基因型频率分别为0.6104、0.8143和0.8116,HBA等位基因频率分别为0.7990、0.9000和0.9060,且HBA等位基因频率随着海拔的升高而增加。经χ2检验,3个生态类型藏绵羊HB基因型分布均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P>0.05)。

The polymorphism of hemoglobin of 216 three ecotypes Tibetan sheep in Qinghai province was analyzed systematically by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophorsis（PAGE）. The results were as follows： There were three genotypes including HBAA, HBBB and HBAB controlled by HB^A and HB^B alleles on the locus of hemoglobin in Oura Tibetan sheep and Mountain-Valley Tibetan sheep, and there were four genotypes including HBAA, HBAB, HBBB and HBAC controlled by HB^A, HBB and HBC alleles on the locus of hemoglobin in Plateau Tibetan sheep. The HB^A was the preponderant allele, the HBAA was the preponderant genotype, frequencies of HBAA were 0.6104, 0.8143 and 0.8116 respectively in Oura Tibetan sheep, Mountain-Valley Tibetan sheep and Plateau Tibetan sheep, and frequencies of HB^A were 0.7990, 0.9000 and 0.9060 respectively, the frequencies of HBA were increased with the attitude raising. Statistical results of χ^2 test indicated that genotypes of the HB in three ecotypes Tibetan sheep fitted Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium （P 〉 0.05）.