骨组织细胞谷氨酸信号系统的研究进展

Study of glutamate signaling system in bone

谷氨酸是中枢神经系统主要的兴奋性神经递质。骨组织细胞（成骨细胞、破骨细胞、骨细胞）上都有谷氨酸受体以及转运体的表达，谷氨酸可以影响成骨细胞以及破骨细胞的活动，骨组织可能与中枢神经系统具有相同的谷氨酸信号系统。谷氨酸可能有双重作用：一方面，在中枢神经系统中作为兴奋性神经递质维持细胞的稳态；另一方面，作为细胞外信号调节因子在骨组织中通过自分泌或旁分泌的形式发挥作用。

L-glutamate has been thought to be an excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter in the central nervous system（CNS）. Glutamate receptors and transporters are also expressed in bone cells （osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteocytes）. Glutamate could influence the activities of osteoblasts or osteoclasts. Bone could express glutamate signaling system as that in the CNS. Glutamate could play a dual pivotal role in mechanisms associated with maintenance of homeostasis as an excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS and as an extracellular signal mediator toward autocrine and/or paracrine processes in bone.